Viva Start Up Science, 8

Contents:

Chapter 1: Crop Production • Crop Plants and Crop Seasons • Basic Practices of Crop Production • Food from Animals

Chapter 2: Microorganisms • Major Groups of Microorganisms • Where do Microorganisms Live• • Useful Microorganisms • Harmful Microorganisms • Food Preservation

Chapter 3: Synthetic Fibres and Plastics • Synthetic Fibres • Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic • Fibres • Plastics

Chapter 4: Metals and Non-Metals • Physical Properties of Metals • Physical Properties of Non-Metals • Chemical Properties of Metals • Chemical Properties of Non-Metals • Uses of Metals • Uses of Non-Metals

Practice Paper (Based On Chapters 1 to 4)

Chapter 5: Combustion and Flame • Combustion • Conditions Necessary for Combustion • Types of Combustion • Flame • Fuel • Principles of Extinguishing Fire

Chapter 6: Conservation of Biodiversity • Biodiversity • Causes of Loss of Biodiversity • Causes of Deforestation • Consequences of Deforestation • Recycling of Paper and Reforestation as Steps to Reduce Deforestation • Flora and Fauna • Endemic Species • Extinct and Endangered Species • Protected areas

Chapter 7: the Cell • Discovery of the Cell • Organization of Cells in Organisms • Cells in an Organism Vs Bricks in a Building • Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size • Cell Structure and Function • Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Chapter 8: Reproduction and adolescence • Modes of Reproduction • asexual Reproduction in animals • Sexual Reproduction in animals • Sexual Reproduction in Humans • Metamorphosis • Determination of Sex of the Baby • Hormones and Endocrine Glands • Adolescence and Puberty • Changes at Puberty • Secondary Sexual Characters • Role of Hormones in Metamorphosis in Insects and Frogs • Reproductive Phase of Life in Humans • Reproductive Health

Practice Paper (Based On Chapters 5 to 8)

Test Yourself (Based On Chapters 1 to 8)

Chapter 9: Force and Pressure • forces are Due to Interaction • Effects of force • Types of forces • Pressure

Chapter 10: Friction • Factors Affecting Friction • Types of Friction • Fluid Friction • advantages of Friction • Disadvantages of Friction • Increasing Friction • Reducing Friction

Chapter 11: Sound • Sound is Produced by a Vibrating Body • Sound Produced by Humans • Characteristics of Sound • Audible and Inaudible Sound • Noise and Music • Noise Pollution

Chapter 12: Chemical Effects of Current • Electric Current • Chemical Effects of Current • Application of Electrolysis

Practice Paper (Based On Chapters 9 to 12)

Chapter 13: Some Natural Phenomena • Electric Charges • Lightning • Earthquakes

Chapter 14: Light • Reflection of Light • Laws of Reflection • Characteristics of Image formed by a Plane Mirror • Regular and Diffused Reflection • How do We See Things • Multiple Images • Dispersion • Human Eye • Eyecare and Nutrition

Chapter 15: The Night • Sky • The Solar System • Stars

Chapter 16: Coal and Petroleum • Natural Resources • Fossil Fuels • Coal • Petroleum • Natural Gas • Energy Requirement • Problems of Overutilization • Natural Resources are Limited • Judicious Use of Energy • Conservation of Energy • Recycling of Paper

Chapter 17: Pollution of Air and Water • Pollution of Air • Pollution of Water • Potable Water • Case Studies

Practice Paper (Based On Chapters 13 to 17)

Test Yourself (Based On Chapters 9 to 17)

Practice Questions for Science Olympiad

Glossary

About the Authors:

Neha Sharma is a gold medalist in M.Tech. from Guru Gobind Singh lndraprastha University. She did her M.Sc. in Physics from University of Delhi and has worked as an Assistant Professor in Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida for more than seven years. Presently she is working as PGT Physics in Venkateshwar Global School, Rohini.

Akanksha Dudpuri (M.Tech. in Biotechnology) is an educational books editor and a resource person based in New Delhi.

About the Series Editor:

Ajoy Ghatak has served as a Professor of Physics in IIT Delhi. He obtained his M.Sc. from the University of Delhi and Ph.D. from Cornell University. The awards he has received include the 2008 SPlE Educator Award, the 2003 Optical Society of America Esther Hoffman Beller Award, the CSlR S.S. Bhatnagar Award, the 16th Khwarizmi International Award, the International Commission for Optics Galileo Galilei Award and the Meghnad Saha Award for outstanding research contributions in theoretical sciences. He received a D.Sc. (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan in 2007. Professor Ghatak has published numerous books in the areas of Optics, Quantum Mechanics and Fiber Optics and is a tireless promoter of science education worldwide.