Viva ICSE Physics, Class 9

Contents:

Chapter 1. Measurements and Experimentation-I • Estimation by order of magnitude • Need for accurate measurement • Measurement of a physical quantity • Kinds of units • Systems of unit • International system of units—The SI units • Multiples and submultiples of SI units • Some examples of derived units • Measurement of length • Multiple and submultiples of metre • Devices for measuring length • Vernier callipers • Measuring the length of an object using a vernier callipers • Screw gauge • Measuring the diameter of a wire or thickness of a metal sheet with a screw gauge

Chapter 2. Measurements and Experimentation?II • Volume and Its units • Measuring volume of a liquid • Measuring volume of a solid having an irregular shape, heavier than water and insoluble in water • Measuring volume of a solid having an irregular shape, lighter than water and insoluble in water • Measuring volume of a solid having an irregular shape and soluble in water • Measurement of time • Stopwatch • Stop clock • Simple pendulum • Measurement of mass • A beam balance: The physical balance • Presentation of data in tabular form • Presentation of data in graphical form

Chapter 3. Motion in One Dimension • State of rest and motion • Scalar and vector quantities • Distance and displacement • Speed • Velocity • Acceleration • Graphical representation of linear motion • Distance-time graphs • Calculation of speed from a distance-time graph • Displacement-time graphs • Speed-time and velocity-time graphs for a body moving along a straight line in a particular direction • Calculation of distance travelled from speed-time graphs • Velocity-time graphs • Derivation of equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line • Derivation of the equations of motion by graphical method • Solving numerical problems based on the equations of motion

Chapter 4. Newton's Laws of Motion • Force • Contact Force • Some Examples of the Contact Force • Noncontact Force or Action-at-a-Distance Force • Some Examples of the Noncontact (or Action-at-a-Distance) Force • Units of Force • Galileo's concept of motion • Newton's laws of motion • Inertia • Inertia and mass • Examples of inertia • Newton's first law of motion • Newton's second law of motion • Linear momentum • Change in momentum and the second law of motion • Units of force • Some examples of second law of motion in daily life • Newton's third law of motion • Illustrating Newton's third law of motion

Chapter 5. Gravitation • Newton's universal law of gravitation • Gravitational force between objects of different sizes • Newton's third law of motion and gravitation • Applications of Newton's law of gravitation • Falling objects and acceleration due to gravity: motion of particles under gravity • Gravity and gravitation • Equations of motion for a body moving under gravity • Mass and weight

Chapter 6. Pressure in Fluids and Atmospheric Pressure • Fluids • Thrust and pressure • Experimental verification of the laws of pressure exerted by liquids • Pressure exerted by a liquid column • Some consequences of the formula for pressure in liquids • Laws of pressure exerted by liquids • Transmission of pressure in liquids : Pascal's law • Applications of Pascal's law • Atmospheric pressure • Common manifestation (or consequences) of atmospheric pressure • Measurement of atmospheric pressure: Barometers • Fortin's barometer • The aneroid barometer • Variation of atmospheric pressure with altitude • Weather forecast with the help of a barometer

Chapter 7. Upthrust, Archimedes? Principle and Floatation • Buoyancy or upthrust • Archimedes? principle • Density and relative density • Applications of Archimedes? principle • Floatation of objects : Principle of floatation • Application of the principle of floatation • Hydrometer • Lactometer • Acid battery hydrometer

Chapter 8. Heat • Heat • Effects of heat • Temperature • Thermal expansion • Real and apparent expansion of a liquid • Graphs showing variation of volume and density of water with temperature • Anomalous expansion of water • Hope's experiment to demonstrate anomalous expansion of water • Consequences of the anomalous expansion of water • Thermometry • Thermometers • Liquid-in-glass thermometers • The fixed points of a thermometer • The clinical thermometer • Temperature scales • Global warming

Chapter 9. Energy Flow and Resources • Flow of energy in an ecosystem • Application of the laws of thermodynamics • Resources and their conservation • Non-renewable energy sources • Coal • Petroleum • Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) • Natural gas • Inequitable use of energy in urban and rural areas • Practices for conservation of resources • Promotion of the renewable resources • Advantages and disadvantages of renewable resources over nonrenewable resources • Renewable energy sources • Energy from waste (biomass): bioenergy • Wood and charcoal • Cattle dung—a versatile biomass • Biogas • Biogas plants • Solar energy • Harnessing solar energy • Electricity from sunlight • Wind energy • Windmill • Nuclear energy • Nuclear reactions • Nuclear fission • Energy released in fission reactions • Electricity from nuclear energy • Energy from water • Energy from the sea/ocean • Issues of economic viability and ability to meet demands • Improving efficiency of existing technologies and introducing new ecofriendly technologies • Social initiatives

Chapter 10. Light and its Reflection • Reflection of light • Experimental verification of the laws of reflection • Mirrors • Plane mirror • Real and virtual images • Formation of image by a plane mirror • Ray diagram for the formation of image by a plane mirror • Ray diagram showing lateral inversion • Multiple images formed by two mirrors inclined at an angle • Uses of plane mirrors • Periscope

Chapter 11. Spherical mirrors • Spherical mirrors • Terminology for spherical mirrors • Derivation of the relationship between focal length and radius of curvature • Formation of images by a concave mirror • Formation of images by a convex mirror • Sign convention for the spherical mirrors • Mirror formula

Chapter 12. Sound • Production of sound • Sound needs a medium to propagate • Propagation of sound • Characteristics of a sound wave • Speed of sound in different media • Factors affecting the speed of sound in a gas (or air) • Sound travels slower than light-lightning and thunder • Range of hearing (or audible range) • Ultrasound • Applications of ultrasound

Chapter 13. Electricity and Magnetism • I: Static Electricity • Introduction • Simple orbital model of the atom • Quantum of electric charge • Static electricity • Repulsion is the sure test of charge on a body • Detection and testing of electrostatic charges • Pithball electroscope • The gold leaf electroscope • Charging of a gold leaf electroscope by conduction • Charging a gold leaf electroscope by induction • Detection and measurement of charge on a body by gold leaf electroscope • Identifying nature of electrostatic charge • Sparking • Electricity in the sky

Chapter 14. Electricity and Magnetism • II: Current Electricity • Sources of direct current • Primary cells • Secondary cells • Potential due to a charge • Electric current—Charges in motion • Electric symbols and circuit diagrams • Closed and open circuits • Some simple circuit and circuit diagrams • Ohm's law • Resistance • Conductors and insulators • Combination of resistances

Chapter 15. Electricity and Magnetism • III: Magnetism • Natural and artificial magnets • Magnetic and nonmagnetic materials • Properties of magnets • Some terms related to a bar magnet and magnetism • Molecular theory of magnetism—The domain theory • Magnetic induction • Magnetic compass • Magnetic field and magnetic field lines (or lines of magnetic force) • Mapping of magnetic field lines (or magnetic lines of force) • Neutral points • Plotting of nonuniform magnetic field of a bar magnet and neutral points • The earth's magnetic field

About the Authors:

Dr. S. K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Delhi and PhD from University of Delhi. He specializes in Physical Chemistry and takes special interest in Electrochemistry and Energy Conversion. He has published over fifty research papers in journals of international repute. Dr. Jain has visited several countries on research assignments as Research Associate and also as Visiting Scientist. He has written many textbooks for school and college students.

Dr. Shailesh K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Kanpur and PhD from United Kingdom. He specializes in the field of Heterogeneous Catalysis and has special interest in the field of Analytical Chemistry related to the metallurgical operations. He has published several research papers and co-authored many textbooks for school and college students. He is involved actively in the popularization of Science at School/undergraduate levels.