Viva ICSE Physics 8

Contents:

Chapter 1: Matter • MATTER • KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER • MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENT • Solids, Liquids, Gases • CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER•••EXPLANATION BY MOLECULAR MODEL • Melting/Fusion, Freezing/Solidification, Boiling/Vaporisation, Condensation, Evaporation, Sublimation, Deposition • GRAPH SHOWING CHANGE OF STATE FOR VARIOUS PROCESSES

Chapter 2: Physical Quantities and Measurement • DENSITY • Units of Density • VESSELS FOR MEASURING VOLUME • DETERMINATION OF DENSITY OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS • Determination of Density of a Solid, Determination of Density of a Liquid • RELATIVE DENSITY • Determination of Relative Density of a Liquid • COMPARISON OF DENSITIES OF SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES • APPLICATIONS OF RELATIVE DENSITY: SINKING AND FLOATING • LAW OF FLOATATION • Principle of Floatation, Some Applications of Floatation

Chapter 3: Force and Pressure • FORCE • Unit of Force • TURNING EFFECT OF FORCE • Moment of Force, Some Applications of Turning Effect of Force • PRESSURE • Units of Pressure, Physical Examples of Pressure • THRUST • PRESSURE EXERTED BY LIQUIDS • Factors Affecting Liquid Pressure, Manometer, Consequences of Liquid Pressure • PRESSURE EXERTED BY GASES • Atmospheric Pressure, Applications of Atmospheric Pressure

Chapter 4: Energy • WORK • Measurement of Work, Units of Work • ENERGY • Unit of Energy, Different Forms of Energy • MECHANICAL ENERGY AND ITS TYPES • Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy • ENERGY TRANSFORMATION • POWER • Unit of Power, Factors Affecting the Power of a Source • DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORK AND POWER • DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENERGY AND POWER

Chapter 5: Light • REFRACTION OF LIGHT • Terms Related to Refraction, Laws of Refraction, Refractive Index, Unique Properties of Refraction, Effects of Refraction • REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A PARALLEL-SIDED GLASS SLAB • REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A PRISM • DISPERSION OF LIGHT • Formation of Rainbow • SPHERICAL MIRRORS • Terms Related to Spherical Mirrors • IMAGE FORMATION BY SPHERICAL MIRRORS • Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams, Real Image and Virtual Image, Image Formation by a Concave Mirror, Image Formation by a Convex Mirror • USES OF SPHERICAL MIRRORS • Uses of Concave Mirrors, Uses of Convex Mirrors

Chapter 6: Heat Transfer • HEAT • Transfer of Heat, Units of Heat • EFFECTS OF HEAT • Change in Temperature, Change in State of Matter, Change in Dimensions

Chapter 7: Sound • SOUND • Requirements for Propagation of Sound, Speed of Sound, Sound as a Longitudinal Wave • TERMS RELATED TO SOUND WAVES • CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND • Loudness or Intensity, Pitch and Frequency, Monotone, Quality or Timbre

Chapter 8: Electricity • ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL POWER • Electrical Energy, Electrical Power • ELECTRICITY AT HOME • Household Wiring, Sockets, Plugs and Switches, Battery • ELECTRICAL HAZARDS • Overloading, Short Circuit, Electric Shocks and Electrocution • SAFETY COMPONENTS • Electric Fuse, Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs), Earthing (Earth Wire) • SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY RULES • CONSERVATION OF ELECTRICITY • At Home, In School • STATIC ELECTRICITY • ELECTRIC CHARGES • Origin of Charges, The Law of Electrostatic Attraction and Repulsion • CONSERVATION OF CHARGES • CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS • CHARGING AN OBJECT • Charging by Friction, Charging by Conduction, Charging by Induction • ELECTROSCOPE • Pith-ball Electroscope, Gold-leaf Electroscope, Charging an Electroscope • STATIC CHARGES IN ATMOSPHERE: LIGHTNING • Safety Measures to be Followed during Lightning, Lightning Conductors

At a Glance

Ask and Learn

Attempt and Score

Logical Thinking

About the Authors:

Prof. Suresh Garg has been associated with School of Sciences in lndira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi since 1993. He served as Commonwealth Expert on Distance Science Teaching at the University of the South Pacific, Fiji Islands from 1996 to 1998. During 1999-2002, he was appointed as Director, School of Sciences of the University and in 2002-2006, he served as Pro-Vice Chancellor and Acting Vice Chancellor of IGNOU. In the period 2008-2010, as Commonwealth expert, he worked as Founder Director, Centre for Learning and Teaching, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Southern Africa.

He has been a member of several national and international professional bodies like lndian Association of Physics Teachers, CASTME-Asia, and ICTP-India. Having served on academic, research and management boards of several conventional and open universities in the country and abroad, he carries vast experience in educational planning, management and pedagogy. His books in Physics are widely prescribed by several universities in India. He has also published two books on different aspects of lndian higher education. He has also co-edited five books in different areas of distance education, besides publishing more than 75 research papers in national and international journals of repute, 20 chapters in books and a large number of popular articles. During the period 2003-2006, he was Chief Editor of lndian Journal of Open Learning published by IGNOU. Between 2004 and 2006, he was Editor of Global E-Journal of Open, Flexible & Distance Education. He has been on the Editorial Boards of AAOU Journal on open learning, Staff and Educational Development International, lnternational Journal of Scientific, Engineering and Educational Research published online and Open Praxis published by International Council for Distance Education.

Neha Sharma is a gold medalist in M.Tech. from Guru Gobind Singh lndraprastha University. She did her M.Sc. from the University of Delhi and has worked as an Assistant Professor in Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida for more than seven years. Presently she is working as a PGT faculty in Venkateshwar Global School, Rohini.