Viva ICSE Chemistry 9

Contents:

Chapter 1. The Language of Chemistry • Atomic symbols • Valence electrons • Valency • Radicals • Molecule and molecular formula • Writing the molecular formulae of molecular compounds • Writing the formulae of ionic compounds • Chemical equation • Balancing of chemical equations • Atomic mass and relative atomic mass • Molecular mass and relative molecular mass • Composition of a compound

Chapter 2. Chemical Changes and Reactions • Physical changes • Chemical changes • Changes involving both chemical and physical changes • Conditions necessary for a chemical reaction to take place • Types of chemical reactions (or chemical changes) • Energy changes in chemical reactions • Reactions in which heat is either absorbed or evolved • Reactions in which electrical energy is either absorbed or evolved —electrochemical reactions • Reactions in which light energy is either absorbed or evolved —photochemical reactions • Combustion • Change in mass on burning • How is the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen maintained in nature • Oxygen cycle • Carbon dioxide cycle

Chapter 3. Water • Water —a chemical compound • Water as a solvent • Physical properties of water • The anomalous behaviour of water • Solutions • Air dissolved in water and its biological importance • Solubility • Effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility • Hydrated substances • Anhydrous substances • Efflorescence • Hygroscopic substances • Deliquescent substances • Soft water and hard water • Chemical properties of water • Activity series of metals from the action of water on some metals • Importance and uses of water

Chapter 4. Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding • Electrical nature of matter: Discharge tube experiments • Cathode rays • J. J. Thomson's experiment and the discovery of electron • Positive rays (anode rays or canal rays) • The proton • The neutron • The structure of atom • Rutherford's nuclear model of atom • Bohr's model of atom • Nuclear composition: The atomic nucleus • Valence electrons and valency • Isotopes • Fractional atomic masses • Chemical reactivity and electronic configuration • Octet rule • Electrovalent Bond • Structures of some electrovalent compounds • Covalent Bond • Structures of some covalent compounds and molecules

Chapter 5. The Periodic Table • Reasons for the classification of elements • Earlier attempts for the periodic classification of elements • Mendeleev's periodic law • Mendeleev's periodic table • Modern periodic law • Modern long form periodic table • Periodicity in properties • Atomic number • Atomic size • Valence electrons • Valency • Tendency to lose electrons • Tendency to attract/gain electrons • Metallic and nonmetallic characters • Chemical reactivity • Nature of oxides • Uses of modern periodic table • Alkali metals (Group 1) • Alkaline earth metals (Group 2) • Halogens (Group 17) • Zero group (Group 18)

Chapter 6. Study of the First Element : Hydrogen • Discovery of hydrogen • Resemblance with alkali metals • Resemblance with halogens • Properties of hydrogen not common to both the alkali metals and halogens • Isotopes of hydrogen • Preparation of hydrogen • Laboratory preparation of hydrogen • Manufacture of hydrogen gas • Oxidation • Oxidising agent • Reduction • Reducing agent • Oxidation-Reduction is reciprocal • Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen • Uses of hydrogen

Chapter 7. Study of Gas Laws • Physical characteristics of gases • Measurable parameters of gases • Boyle's law (pressure-volume relationship) • Charles' law (volume- temperature relationship) • Charles' law and the absolute (Kelvin) temperature scale • Relationship between Kelvin scale and Celsius scale of temperature • Ideal gas equation • Standard temperature and pressure (STP) and normal temperature and pressure (NTP)

Chapter 8. Atmospheric Pollution • Environment and environmental pollution • The atmosphere • What are the harmful effects of carbon monoxide • Smog • Acid rain • Global warming • The greenhouse effect • Ozone depletion

Chemistry Practicals

1. Recognition and Identification of Gases

2. Action of Heat on Some Substances or Salts

3. Action of Dilute Sulphuric Acid on a Substance

4. Flame Test

5. Percentage Composition of a Mixture

6. Hard and Soft Water

7. Soaps and Detergents

8. Water Pollution and the Quality of Water

About the Authors:

Dr. S. K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Delhi and PhD from University of Delhi. He specializes in Physical Chemistry and takes special interest in Electrochemistry and Energy Conversion. He has published over fifty research papers in journals of international repute. Dr. Jain has visited several countries on research assignments as Research Associate and also as Visiting Scientist. He has written many textbooks for school and college students.

Dr. Shailesh K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Kanpur and PhD from United Kingdom. He specializes in the field of Heterogeneous Catalysis and has special interest in the field of Analytical Chemistry related to the metallurgical operations. He has published several research papers and co-authored many textbooks for school and college students. He is involved actively in the popularization of Science at School/undergraduate levels.