Viva ICSE Chemistry 10

Contents:

Chapter 1. Periodic Properties and Variations of Properties (Physical and Chemical) • Modern long form periodic table • Periodic properties and their variations in groups and periods • Atomic size • Metallic character • Nonmetallic character • Ionisation energy (or Ionisation potential) • Periodic variation of ionisation energy • Electron affinity • Periodic variation of electron affinity • Electronegativity • Factors affecting electronegativity • Periodic variation of electronegativity • Relationship between atomic number (proton number) and atomic mass (mass number) for light elements • Alkali metals and halogens

Chapter 2. Chemical Bonding • Chemical reactivity and electronic configuration • Electron dot structures • Octet rule • Atoms and ions • Oxidation and reduction • Chemical bond • Electrovalent (or ionic) bond • Structures of some electrovalent compounds • Electrovalent (or ionic) compounds • Covalent bond • Structures of some covalent compounds and molecules • Covalent compounds • Effect of electricity on electrovalent and covalent compounds • Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds • Coordinate bond

Chapter 3. Study of Acids, Bases and Salts • Acids • Classification of acids • General methods of preparation of acids • General properties of acids • Uses of acids • Bases • Classification of bases • General methods of preparation of bases • General properties of bases • Uses of bases • Ions present in acids, bases, alkalis and their solutions • The pH scale • Testing the acidity, neutrality and alkalinity of a solution using pH paper and universal indicator • Salts • Classification of salts • General properties of salts • Decomposition of hydrogencarbonates (bicarbonates), carbonates, chlorides and nitrates by acids • General methods of preparation of soluble salts • General methods of preparation of insoluble salts • Laboratory preparation of some normal and acid salts • Hydrated salts and water of crystallisation • Efflorescence • Hygroscopic substances • Deliquescent substances

Chapter 4. Analytical Chemistry • Analytical chemistry and chemical analysis • Colour of the salts and their solutions • Action of sodium hydroxide solution on certain metallic salt solutions • Action of ammonium hydroxide on certain metallic salt solutions • Action of ammonium hydroxide on copper sulphate solution • Action of sodium hydroxide on ammonium salts • Action of alkalis on certain metals • Action of acids/alkalis on metal oxides

Chapter 5. Mole Concept and Stoichiometry • The mole concept • Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes • Some examples based on Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes • Avogadro's law • Atomicity • Applications of the Avogadro's law • Some examples based on Avogadro's law • Atomic mass and relative atomic mass • Fractional atomic masses • Molecular mass and relative molecular mass • Formula mass • Gram-atomic mass and gram-molecular mass • Composition of a compound • Determination of empirical and molecular formula • Calculations based on chemical equations

Chapter 6. Electrolysis • Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes • Acids, bases and salts as electrolytes • Conduction of electricity through electrolytes • Some important terms related to electrolysis • Electrolysis • Activity series: The relative reactivities of metals and their cations • Preferential discharge of ions at the electrodes • Some examples of electrolysis • Applications of electrolysis • Electroplating

Chapter 7. Metallurgy • Classification of elements • Position of metals and nonmetals in the periodic table • Alkali metals • Alkaline earth metals • Occurrence of metals • Metallurgy • Crushing and pulverisation • Concentration of the ore • Calcination and roasting • Extraction of metals based on their position in the activity series • Refining of metals • Extraction of aluminium • Uses of iron, zinc and aluminium • Corrosion (or rusting) of iron • Alloys

Chapter 8. Study of Compounds • Hydrogen Chloride • Preparation of hydrogen chloride • Laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride • Experiment to show that hydrogen chloride is heavier than air • Hydrochloric acid [HCl(aq)] • Tests for hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid • Tests for chloride ion (or chlorides)

Chapter 9. Study of Compounds • Ammonia • Occurrence of ammonia • Forms of ammonia • General methods of preparation of ammonia • Laboratory preparation of ammonia from ammonium chloride • Industrial preparation of ammonia???Haber's process • Physical and chemical properties of ammonia

Chapter 10. Study of Compounds • Nitric Acid • Occurrence • Preparation of nitric acid • Oxidation reactions of nitric acid with some compounds • Oxidation reactions of nitric acid with some nonmetals • Oxidation reactions of nitric acid with some metals

Chapter 11. Study of Compounds • Sulphuric Acid • Discovery of sulphuric acid • Occurrence of sulphuric acid • Industrial importance of sulphuric acid • Manufacture of sulphuric acid • Physical and chemical properties of sulphuric acid • Tests for sulphuric acid and sulphates

Chapter 12. Organic Chemistry • Organic chemistry and organic compounds • Modern definition of organic chemistry • Unique (or versatile) nature of carbon • Types of organic compounds • Structure and isomerism • Structural isomerism • Functional groups • Homologous series • Hydrocarbons • Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes • Nomenclature of organic compounds: general rules for IUPAC nomenclature • Naming an organic compound from its formula • Structural formula from the name of a compound • Alkanes • Methane • Ethane • Physical and chemical properties of ethane • Alkenes • Ethene • Alkynes • Ethyne • Alcohols • Structural and electronic formulae of some alcohols • Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol, C₂H₅OH) • Carboxylic acids • Ethanoic acid (or acetic acid)

About the Authors:

Dr. S. K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Delhi and PhD from University of Delhi. He specializes in Physical Chemistry and takes special interest in Electrochemistry and Energy Conversion. He has published over fifty research papers in journals of international repute. Dr. Jain has visited several countries on research assignments as Research Associate and also as Visiting Scientist. He has written many textbooks for school and college students.

Dr. Shailesh K. Jain did his postgraduation from IIT Kanpur and PhD from United Kingdom. He specializes in the field of Heterogeneous Catalysis and has special interest in the field of Analytical Chemistry related to the metallurgical operations. He has published several research papers and co-authored many textbooks for school and college students. He is involved actively in the popularization of Science at School/undergraduate levels.