Thermodynamics of Surface Phenomena

Contents:

Introduction

The Gibbs method in the thermodynamics of surface phenomena? Dividing surface and excess quantity in Gibbs capillarity theory • Excess thermodynamic potential. Gibbs adsorption equation • Dependence of excess thermodynamic quantities on the position of the dividing surface • Adsorption equilibrium in two-phase multicomponent systems • Calculation of adsorption in two-component systems • Adsorption in two-phase systems with a low content of components in one of the phases • Calculation of adsorption at the liquid-vacuum interface on the basis of the concentration dependence of surface tension • Calculation of adsorption in multicomponent systems • Calculation of the adsorption of components with the variation of the composition along lines with a constant content of components, with the exception of two components • Calculation of adsorption of components for the variation of the composition by adding one of the components • Relationship between the values of adsorption in relation to different positions of the dividing surface • Adsorption method of determination of the molecular mass of surface-active substances • Criteria of the surface activity of a component in multicomponent solutions

Thermodynamic description of the surface properties by the method of the finite thickness layer? Effective thickness of the surface layer of solutions • Temperature dependence of the thickness of the surface layer of liquid metals • Calculation of the composition of the surface layer of multicomponent solutions on the basis of the concentration dependence of surface tension • The molar surface, the thickness of the surface layer and their dependence on the composition of the multicomponent solution • Partial-molar quantities in multicomponent solutions • Partial-molar surfaces of components

Method of measurement of the surface tension and density of metals and alloys? Selection of the method of measuring surface tension and density • Special features of measurement of the density of liquid metals and alloys with areometers • Determination of the concentration dependence of the density of metallic melts • Pycnometers for the measurement of the concentration dependence on the density of melts [150] • Areometric method of determination of the concentration dependence of density • Combined measurement of the physical and chemical properties of liquid metals and their alloys • A device for the combined determination of surface tension and density • A combined device for detailed examination of the physical-chemical properties of multicomponent melts • Combined device for the determination of the concentration dependence of the surface tension and density of multicomponent melts [154] • Experimental equipment for the methods of measurement of the physical-chemical properties of multicomponent metallic melts • Method of processing measurement results • The law of distribution of the error of measurement of surface tension • Error of determination of the composition of the melt prepared using a dosing apparatus • Error of the measurement of the density of liquid metals • Error of measuring surface tension

Surface properties and molar volumes of pure metals and binary systems? Temperature dependence of the parameters of the surface layer of low-melting alloys • Surface tension and density of indium-tin and gallium-lead binary systems • Special features of the concentration dependence of the thermodynamic parameters of the surface layer of indium??tin and thallium??lead melts • Surface properties of binary systems: bismuth??thallium, tin-thallium and indium-thallium • Surface tension and molar volumes in gallium-bismuth melts

Surface tension and density of multicomponent melts? Surface tension and molar volumes of ternary systems • The indium-tin-lead system • The thallium-lead-bismuth system • The indium-tin-gallium system • Application of the methods of mathematical experimental design in examination of the surface properties of multicomponent systems • Investigation of the surface tension and density of ternary systems using experiment design methods • Concentration dependence of the surface tension of ternary systems • Surface tension of four-component systems • The indium-tin-lead-bismuth system • The indium-lead-tin-bismuth-thallium system • Special features of the variation of the physical and chemical properties with the composition of the multicomponent melt. Concentration buffering of surface tension

Thermodynamic parameters of the surface layer of multicomponent melts and methods of predicting the parameters? Adsorption phenomena in component solutions • Composition and thickness of the surface layer of multicomponent melts • The current state of experimental examination of the surface properties and molar volumes of multicomponent metallic systems • Methods of predicting the surface properties of multicomponent melts • Prediction of surface tension and excess molar volume on the basis of the properties of melts of lateral binary systems • Theoretical description of the concentration dependence of the surface tension of multicomponent solutions • Equation of surface tension isotherms of binary and ternary systems
 • Conclusions • Appendix • References • Index
 

About the Author:

Prof. Raikom Khasimkhanovich Dadashevis an Academican of the Academy of Sciences of  The Chechen Republic, Russia. He has authored more than 100 scientific studies and inventions. He is now the Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, the Head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Chechen State University and of the Department of Physical-Mathematical Investigations of the Scientific Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (in Groznyi).