Phase Transitions in Solids Under High Pressure

Preface

Introduction

1. Phase equilibria and kinetics of phase transformations under high pressure • One-component system • Two-component systems • References

2. Equipment and methods for the study of phase transformations in solids at high pressures • Equipment • Hydrostatic pressure • Generation of high pressure in a fluid • Quasi-hydrostatic pressure • Apparatus for the study of phase transitions under pressure in solid by the shear method • Chamber for shear under pressure to 25 GPa with diamond anvils of the ‘carbonado’ type and WC–Co alloys • High-pressure chamber for shear deformation of solids up to 25 GPa in the range 77– K • A chamber with spherical bearings for shear deformation under pressure to 25 GPa • Chambers for shear under pressure with anvils made of natural diamond single crystals • Diamond chamber for shear under pressure to 43 GPa • Diamond chamber for shear under pressure to 86 GPa • Large chamber of the piston–cylinder type for the study of solids at pressures up to 2.5 GPa in the temperature range 77– K under shear strain • Methods of investigation of phase transformations at high pressures • Magnetometric method • Dilatometric method • Measurement of electrical resistance under conditions of shear deformation • Determination of the deformation work • The study of luminescence Al₂O₃: Cr³⁺ in non-hydrostatic compression and plastic flow under pressure • Methods of treatment of substances by hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressure • Structural methods of studying solids subjected to shear deformation under pressure • Other methods • References

3. Phase transformations of carbon and boron nitride at high pressure and deformation under pressure • Phase transitions in carbon and boron nitride (review) • Experimental study of phase transformations in carbon and boron nitride in shear under pressure • Carbon • BN • References

4. Phase transitions in Si and Ge at high pressure and deformation under pressure • References

5. Polymorphic α–w transformation in titanium, zirconium and zirconium–titanium alloys • Investigation of α–ω transformation in Ti and Zr in shear under pressure • Ti–Zr alloys • References

6. Phase transformations in iron and its alloys at high pressure • Polymorphic γ–α transformation in iron under pressure • α–ε transformation in iron • T₀–p₀–c diagram with metastable equilibria of iron-based alloys • T₀–p₀-c diagram of Fe–Ni alloys • γ–α martensitic transformation in a magnetic field • Effect of magnetic field on the athermal martensitic transformation • Effect of the magnetic field on the isothermal martensitic transformation • References

7. Phase transformations in gallium and cerium • Gallium • Cerium • Isomorphic γ → α transition in cerium at T = K • The influence of shear deformation on the γ ↔ α phase transition in cerium • References

7. On the possible polymorphic transformations in transition metals under pressure • References

8. Pressure-induced polymorphic transformations in A^IB^VII compounds • Polymorphic transformation of rubidium and potassium halides under pressure • Polymorphic transformation in RbI and KCl under pressure at low temperatures • The influence of shear deformation on the B1–B2 transition in KCl and RbCl • KCl • RbCl • Polymorphic transformation in ScF₃ under pressure • References

9. Phase transformations in A^IIB^VI and A^IIIB^V semiconductor compounds • Polymorphic transformation in A^IIB^VI compounds (CdS and HgTe) • CdS • HgTe • Polymorphic transformation in A^IIIB^V compounds (InSb and GaSb) • InSb • The influence of deformation on the phase transition in InSb under pressure • GaSb • References

10. Effect of pressure on the kinetics of phase transformations in iron alloys • The kinetics of the polymorphic γ–α transformation in Fe–Cr under pressure • T₀–p diagram of Fe–Cr alloys • The kinetics of the γ–α transformation • The kinetics of the polymorphic γ–α transformation in Fe–Ni alloys under pressure • The kinetics of austenite transformation of steel under pressure • Pearlite transformation • Bainite transformation • References

11. Transformations during deformation at high pressure • Phase transformations during deformation • Martensitic transformation during deformation • Effect of preliminary plastic deformation on the kinetics of the polymorphic (γ–α) and pearlite transformations • The formation of solid solutions in shear strain deformation conditions • The formation of solid solutions in the Ti–Zr system under shear deformation • The formation of compounds in Fe–X alloys in shear under pressure • Fe–Al • Fe–Co and Fe–C systems • Fe–C alloys • Compaction and sintering in deformation under pressure • The influence of shear deformation on the process of cold sintering of molybdenum under pressure • References

12. Effects due to phase transformations at high pressure • The effect of pressure redistribution during phase transitions • The effect of pressure redistribution due to phase transition in potassium chloride initiated by shear • The effect of pressure redistribution due to phase transition in KCl being initiated by the thermal method • On the nature of the effect of pressure redistribution during phase transitions • Thermal effects of the polymorphic transformation in RbCl under pressure • Amorphization during deformation at high pressure • Virtual melting of hydrogen and elements of group VIII at negative pressure • References

13. Kinetics and hysteresis in high-temperature polymorphic transformations under pressure • Kinetics of high-temperature polymorphic transformations at high pressure • Hysteresis of high-temperature polymorphic transformations under pressure • On the lower temperature boundary of high-temperature polymorphic transformations • References

14. Hysteresis and kinetics of low-temperature polymorphic transformations under pressure • Hysteresis of the low-temperature polymorphic transformations under pressure • On the nature of low-temperature reactions • The stability of the initial phase during martensitic transformation • Athermal nucleation and athermal crystal growth of a new phase • Kinetics of thermally activated low-temperature transformations • The shape of hysteresis lines of low-temperature transformation and fully isothermal martensitic transformation • Various structural and kinetic types of polymorphic transformations • References

15. Kinetics of phase transformations under pressure and the synthesis of high-pressure phases • On the mechanism of high-temperature polymorphic transformations • Kinetics of high-temperature and thermally activated low- temperature transformations in the isobaric–isothermal conditions • The dependence of the enthalpy of activation of high- temperature polymorphic transformations on pressure • The temperature limit of stability of high-pressure phases at normal pressure • The kinetics of phase transformations under pressure and the synthesis of high-pressure phases • References

Conclusions

Index