Martensitic Transformations

Contents:

Introduction     

1.  Overview of martensitic transformation
 
2.  Thermoelastic and non-thermoelastic martensitic transformations     
On the nucleation of martensite • Theoretical ideas about the origin of martensite • Experimental confirmation of the existence of martensite nuclei • Thermoelastic and non-thermoelastic martensitic transformations • Reversibility of martensitic transformations  

3.  Crystallography of martensitic transformations     
Crystal structure of parent and martensitic phases • Crystal structure of the parent phases • Crystal structure of the martensitic phases • Morphological and microstructural features of martensite • Morphology of martensite crystals • Theoretical considerations of the morphological special features of martensite • Microstructural peculiarities (fine structure) of martensite  • Peculiarities of the microstructure of the high-temperature phase, formed in the reverse martensitic transformation • Changes of the parameters and state of the initial and martensitic phases in ageing. Stabilisation • Crystal structure relations in martensitic transformation • Shear mechanisms of rearrangement of the crystal structures in the martensitic transformation • Theoretical calculations of the crystallographic characteristics of the martensitic transformation     
 
4.  Interphase boundaries in martensitic transformation     
Theoretical understanding of the structure and mobility of interphase boundaries • Calculations and modelling of the interphase boundaries • Structure of the interphase boundary • Orientation of interphase boundaries     

5. Thermodynamics and kinetics of martensitic transformations     
Thermodynamics of the martensitic transformation • Kinetics of martensitic transformations • Isothermal martensitic transformation • Kinetics of isothermal martensitic transformation in iron-based alloys. General relationships • Effect of composition • Isothermal martensitic transformation in alloys based on copper and other materials • Morphological special features and microstructure of isothermal martensite • The theory of isothermal martensitic transformation     

6. Influence of external factors on the martensitic transformation     
Effect of magnetic field on martensitic transformation • Effect of pressure on martensitic transformation • Influence of pressure on the martensitic point and the structure of martensite in steels • Hysteresis of martensitic transformations under pressure • Effect of stress on the martensitic transformation • Effect of stress on the martensitic point • Effect of stress on alloys with thermo elastic MT • Alloys with non-thermo elastic martensitic transformation • Effect of external stresses on the orientation of the martensite crystals • Martensitic transformation during plastic deformation • Influence of preliminary plastic deformation on martensitic transformation • Influence of preliminary plastic deformation on the position of the martensitic point and transformation under continuous cooling • Martensitic transformations under pulsed loading • General characteristics - the parameters of pulsed loading • Phase transitions under the influence of pulsed loading in Armco iron and iron-based alloys • Phase transformations under the influence of shock waves in non-ferrous alloys • Phase transformations in pure metals at passage of shock waves • Influence of the duration of the shock pulse on the martensitic transformation • Crystallography of martensitic transformation under the influence of shock waves • Mechanism of the effect of shock waves on structural and phase changes • Size effect in the martensitic transformation • Effect of size on the parameters of the martensitic transformation • Effect of thickness on morphological and microstructural features of martensite • Crystallography of the martensitic transformation in thin samples • The shape memory effect in small samples • The reasons for the influence of the transformed volume (size factor) on the course of the martensitic transformation • Effect of irradiation on martensitic transformation • Changes occurring during the martensitic transformation and their role in the development of transformation • Plastic deformation and hardening of the parent phase in the process of martensitic transformation • Stabilization of austenite as a result of direct and reverse martensitic transformation (phase hardening) • Autocatalytic effect during martensitic transformation

7. Anomalies of mechanical properties in martensitic transformations
Mechanical properties of the alloys with the thermoelastic martensitic transformation • Superelasticity • Rubber-like behaviour • Superplasticity (pseudoplasticity) • The shape memory effect • Factors influencing the degree of restoration of shape • Two-sided shape memory effect • Applications of alloys with unusual mechanical properties, determined by the thermoelastic martensitic transformation • Magnetomechanical phenomena in alloys with ferromagnetic thermoelastic martensite • Deformation (giant magnetostriction), determined by the redistribution of structural domains in ferromagnetic thermoelastic martensite under the effect of the magnetic field • Deformation caused by the displacement of the phase transition temperature range in the magnetic field • Materials with the strain determined by the displacement of the phase transformation temperature range in the magnetic field • Plasticity determined by the non-thermoelastic martensitic transformation (TRIP effect)

8. Special features of martensitic transformations
Athermal character of martensitic transformatiom • Stability of the parent phase in a martensitic transformation • Athermal nucleation and athermal crystal growth of the new phase • Nature of hysteresis, martensitic point and damping of MT under isothermal conditions • Nature of hysteresis and martensitic point • Attenuation of MT under isothermal conditions, martensitic curve • The kinetics of isothermal martensitic transformation, phenomena of activation and stabilization of austenite

9. Relationship of martensitic transformations with other phase transformations
Martensitic transformation and normal (recrystallisation) transformation • Crystallographic relationship of the phases in the normal transformation • Kinetics of the • - a - transformation and the structure of the a - phase in Fe - Ni alloys • Kinetics of the growth of packet martensite • Structural changes during annealing of packet martensite • Transformation in alloys in the two-phase region • a - • transformation in Fe - Ni alloys • On the nature of the features of the polymorphous transformation in the two-phase region • Martensitic and bainitic transformation

Conclusion • Index