Chemistry

Contents:

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table • Fundamental particles • What is an atom made of? • Atomic number, mass number and isotopes • Electronic configuration: energy levels ?Shapes of sand porbitals ?Electronic configuration • Electronic configuration: box type representation • The Periodic Table ?Periodic properties • Formulae, Equations and Stoichiometry • Formulae of chemical substances • Chemical equations • Relative atomic mass (A,) • Relative molecular mass (M,) • Molar mass and Avogadro"s constant • Calculations involving moles and Avogadro"s constant • Mass spectrometry and the determination of atomic and molecular masses Empirical and molecular formulae • Reacting masses and calculations involving reacting masses • Molar volume • Reacting volumes of gases • Molarity of a solution and calculations involving molarities • Chemical Bonding and States of Matter • Ionisation energy • Electron affinity • Ionic bonding and properties of ionic compounds • Covalent bonding • Co-ordinate bonding • VSEPR theory and shape of molecules • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Polarization and polarizability • Continuity of bond types • Metallic bonding • Forces between molecules and states of matter • Energy Changes • Important terms and definitions • Standard enthalpy changes of reactions • Hess"s Law and its applications • Calculation of enthalpy of a reaction using standard enthalpies of formation • Calculation of enthalpy of a reaction using an enthalpy diagram • Experimental determination of enthalpy changes • Bond enthalpies and enthalpy changes of reactions • Calculation of enthalpy of a reaction using bond enthalpies • Equilibria • The dynamic nature of equilibrium • Equilibrium constant, Kc • Equilibrium constant, Kp • Le Chatelier"s principle • Effect of a change in concentration? Effect of changing pressure • Effect of changing temperature • Effect of adding a catalyst • Equilibria and industrial processes • Chemical Kinetics • Rates of reactions: introduction • Collision theory • Factors affecting reaction rates • Redox Reactions • Redox reactions: in terms of electron transfer • Writing partial ionic equations for oxidation and reduction • Overall equation for a redox reaction • Redox reactions: in terms of change in oxidation number • Oxidising agents • Reducing agents • Introduction to Organic Chemistry • Representing formulae of organic compounds • Alkanes: bonding, structure and isomerism • Introducing IUPAC nomenclature • Alkanes: properties and reactions • Unsaturated hydrocarbons: alkenes and alkynes • Halogenoalkanes • Alcohols • Summary of reaction types in this chapter • Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry • Extraction of metals • Group I elements: similarities and trends in properties • Group II elements: similarities and trends in properties • Group VII elements: similarities and trends in properties • Hydrogen halides • The Periodic Table.

About the Authors:

Dr Aleyamma Ninan has taught A-Level chemistry and degree-level chemistry for over 20 years. She was formerly a lecturer at the university of the West of England and is an examiner for Edexcel Examination Consortium. She lives in Chippenham, Wiltshire with her husband.